Overview:
Noticing a decrease in fetal movement can be concerning, but it’s important to remember that various factors can affect the frequency and intensity of your baby’s movements. In most cases, these changes are temporary, but it’s crucial to stay informed and know when to seek medical attention. Below are four common causes of decreased fetal movement and what you can do about it.
1. Sleeping Baby
Cause:
Your baby may be sleeping for longer periods, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. Just like newborns, babies in the womb sleep, and these rest periods can last anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour or more at a time.
What to Expect:
- Decreased movement can be perfectly normal when your baby is in a restful state.
- Fetal sleep cycles become longer in the third trimester as your baby grows.
- It’s important to note that sleep patterns can vary from day to day, so if your baby’s activity decreases during a certain time of the day, it could be simply because they are resting.
What You Can Do:
- Lie down and focus on your baby’s movements for a while. Sometimes, shifting positions can help wake your baby.
- If the baby does not move after a short period of time or after you try these techniques, contact your healthcare provider for further guidance.
2. Low Amniotic Fluid (Oligohydramnios)
Cause:
Amniotic fluid is crucial for your baby’s movement, as it provides cushioning and allows your baby to move freely. Low amniotic fluid, a condition known as oligohydramnios, can reduce the space available for the baby to move, which may result in less noticeable movements.
What to Expect:
- Decreased fetal movement may be one of the first signs of low amniotic fluid.
- In severe cases, the baby might feel less active because there’s less room to move.
- You may experience other symptoms like swelling in your feet, legs, or face.
What You Can Do:
- Your healthcare provider can assess your amniotic fluid levels with an ultrasound.
- If low fluid levels are confirmed, your doctor will discuss potential treatments, which could include monitoring, additional ultrasounds, or interventions to ensure the health of both you and your baby.
3. Placental Issues
Cause:
Placental problems, such as placenta previa or placental insufficiency, can impact your baby’s movement. The placenta is responsible for delivering nutrients and oxygen to your baby, and any issues with it can affect your baby’s well-being.
- Placenta Previa: When the placenta covers or is too close to the cervix, it can obstruct the baby’s ability to move freely.
- Placental Insufficiency: This condition occurs when the placenta isn’t providing enough oxygen and nutrients to the baby, which can make the baby feel less active.
What to Expect:
- Reduced fetal movements, especially in the third trimester, can indicate issues with the placenta.
- Placental insufficiency can also be associated with other symptoms such as high blood pressure, swelling, or protein in urine.
What You Can Do:
- If you have any risk factors for placental issues, such as high blood pressure or diabetes, keep a close eye on fetal movements.
- If you notice a decrease in movement, immediately contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation, including ultrasound scans or Doppler studies to assess blood flow to the placenta.
4. Infection
Cause:
Infections, either viral or bacterial, can sometimes lead to a reduction in fetal movements. Infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), influenza, or other illnesses may cause your baby to move less than usual.
What to Expect:
- A significant decrease in fetal movement accompanied by symptoms like fever, chills, or body aches could suggest an infection.
- Sometimes, a severe infection can affect the baby’s ability to move or make them feel more lethargic.
What You Can Do:
- If you suspect you have an infection, contact your healthcare provider right away for diagnosis and treatment.
- Treating the infection may help restore normal fetal movements, but it’s essential to monitor your baby closely.
When to Call Your Doctor
While decreased fetal movement can sometimes be attributed to common causes like sleep or amniotic fluid changes, it’s always important to err on the side of caution. If you notice a sudden or significant decrease in movement, especially if it lasts for an extended period, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Key Signs to Watch For:
- No movement for 24 hours or more
- Dramatic decrease in movement from the usual pattern
- Painful or abnormal symptoms accompanying decreased movement
Conclusion
Decreased fetal movement can be caused by a variety of factors, including natural variations like sleeping patterns, low amniotic fluid, placental issues, or infections. It’s essential to stay attentive to your baby’s movement and seek medical advice if you’re concerned. Monitoring fetal activity and discussing any changes with your healthcare provider will help ensure the well-being of both you and your baby throughout your pregnancy.
